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nflict with the laws or the rules and discipline of the armyand navy, apply to the officers and men of the army and of the navy. It was amost unequal contest. Moreover, the Court nobles, notably antagonistic to the militaryregime, followed the fortunes of the South Such an arrangement had no elements of stability.

cupation or under thecontrol of the Japanese or Russian troops, with the exception of theterritory above mentioned. The courage and coolnessdisplayed by officers and men alike elicited universal applause. The guilds constituted a most important feature of thislocal autonomic system. The question alluded to at the close of the above, namely, thequestion of finance, was a paramount difficulty for the Bakufu.